The Continuous Exchange Cell-Free (CECF) principle uses two semi-permeable membranes to exchange substrates and byproducts between a 1-mL reaction chamber and a 10-mL feeding chamber. This system continuously supplies essential components (e.g., energy, nucleotides, amino acids) while removing inhibitory byproducts, enabling protein expression to continue for up to 24 hours. Without this technology, reactions would stop prematurely due to depletion of substrates or accumulation of byproducts.